Diabetes peptide

At present, peptide drugs have been used in different therapeutic areas, such as diabetes, allergy, anti-infection, obesity, diagnosis, oncology, arthritis and cardiovascular diseases. Compared with traditional small molecule chemical drugs, active peptide drugs have unique advantages such as small molecular weight, simple structure and no immunogenicity; clear mechanism of action and low side effects; high synthetic purity and easy synthesis. In recent years, the compound growth rate of global peptide drug market is above 12%, and the market size is close to $20 billion, which is higher than the overall drug market. According to Transparency Market Research, the global peptide drug market is expected to reach US$23.7 billion in 2020, becoming an important direction for new drug R&D of foreign pharmaceutical companies. Pharmaceutical giants Pfizer, Merck, Roche, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi, Bayer and other large multinational pharmaceutical companies have been investing in the research and development of peptide drugs in recent years. At present, the global representative peptide drugs are liraglutide, dulaglutide, glatiramer acetate, leuprorelin acetate, octreotide acetate, goserelin and eserin. goserelin and exenatide, etc.

Now anti Diabetes peptides including Exenatide Acetate CAS 141732-76-5, GLP-1 (7-37) CAS 106612-94-6, Glucagon CAS 16941-32-5, Dulaglutide CAS 923950-08-7,  Albiglutide CAS 782500-75-8, Liraglutide CAS 204656-20-2,  Lisiraglide CAS 320367-13-3,  Pramlintide Acetate CAS 196078-30-5, Tirzepatide CAS 2023788-19-2, Semaglutide Cas 910463-68-2.

Diabetes is a chronic disease with many risk factors, complex pathogenesis and a lifelong course. Patients with hyperglycemia are often accompanied by hypertension, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance. Hypertension and hyperglycemia often occur together, while about 60% of patients with hypertension may have increased blood sugar or abnormal glucose tolerance.

Pre-diabetes is mainly based on lifestyle interventions, and the initial stage is to control blood glucose with oral hypoglycemic drugs represented by metformin. When the patient’s glycosylated hemoglobin still exceeds 7 after the high dose of oral hypoglycemic drugs, insulin therapy is required. Insulin is the most important part of third- and fourth-line treatment and the last line of defense for diabetic patients. In recent years, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitor drugs have grown at a considerable rate.

In the 1980s, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was discovered to have physiological effects such as glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin synthesis and secretion, inhibition of islet B-cell apoptosis, and suppression of glucagon secretion.GLP-1 and glucose-dependent proinsulin secreting polypeptide (GIP) are released by the intestine throughout the day and their levels increase after meals. GLP-1 and GIP increase insulin synthesis and release when blood glucose concentrations are normal or elevated. the activity of GLP-1 and GIP is inhibited by the dipeptidyl peptidase DPP-IV ( DPP-IV ), which rapidly hydrolyzes enteroglucagon and inactivates it. Inhibition of DPP-IV activity reduces the degradation of enteroglucagon, which increases the concentration of active GLP-1 and GIP in plasma and promotes insulin release, thereby reducing blood glucose levels. Therefore, peptide drugs based on DPP-IV inhibition are also hot spots for development, but the current research is still focused on the development and utilization of related functional peptides, and no related peptide drugs have been reported to market. Most of the approved peptide drugs for glycemic control in diabetic patients are GLP-1 receptor agonists, and there are 8 GLP-1 receptor agonists available worldwide, namely somalutide, exenatide, liraglutide, abilify, dulaglutide, lisnatide and benalutide. As far as somalutide is concerned, glucose reduction and weight loss in type 2 diabetic patients treated with once weekly somalutide injection were significantly better than placebo, selegiline, glargine insulin U100 and extended-release exenatide. And dulaglutide, liraglutide, somalutide and exenatide weekly formulations are long-acting formulations that can be maintained for one week. However, there are some adverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists, which generally do not affect the treatment, such as exelutide and liraglutide have a mild increase in heart rate.